Pool’s tobacco, there is no better

Klaas and myself

Klaas and myself

One of my pipe tobacco mentors is my friend Klaas. I learned a lot from him, had my first experiences with GL Pease and Balkan Sobranie thanks to the good man. Klaas his nickname on the Dutch/Belgian pipe-smokers forum is Upper Ten. It is one of his favourite tobacco brands but sadly it’s no longer made. Fortunately Klaas had a far-sighted vision and stocked up on Upper Ten products, which he still enjoys to this day. Of course he gave me lots of samples of his “treasures” which triggered my interests. So I did some research and discovered Upper Ten originally was made in The Netherlands by Pool’s tobacco factory in the city of Hoorn.

wpn_drechterl_smThe story starts on 1 March 1849 when Teunis Albertus Pool began his shop and tobacco factory at the Groote Noord 55 at the age of 23. Shortly before Teunis got married to Bertha Helena van der Linden and began his one-man company at a time when tobacco was still seen as a stimulant and was mostly sold separately. The property consisted of three floors. Downstairs was the shop where groceries, cigars and tobacco were sold. Above the shop was a small tobacco factory and housing. On 16 February 1850 daughter Alida was born. Soon afterwards, 1 May 1850, the tobacco company expanded with hiring an assistant, apprentice tobacco blender John Dros.

pools_tabakSadly Bertha, the wife of Teunis, dies young on 17 May 1857 at the age of 33. 8 years after starting a family and starting a business Teunis Pool is a widower. Daughter Alida is just 7 years old. Setbacks like these certainly have influenced the development of the company. Soon on 25 March 1858 Teunis Pool remarried with Cornelia Christina Ohmstede in Alkmaar. This marriage remained childless and therefore there was no succession in the male line of the company. Which remained small, Pool stuck to one assistant and the clientèle was limited to Hoorn and the surrounding area. It mainly supplied to individuals. Despite its size Pool had the chance to build a trusted brand and the name “Pool’s tabak” became a household name over the years. When in 1891 Teunis Albertus Pool died his widow Cornelia Ohmstede took over business for a few years. In 1898 the company was taken over by Jacob Ruyter (17-8-1859) and the name “TA Pool” was maintained.

Jacob Ruyter

Jacob Ruyter

The first years after the takeover business did not really went smooth. With some experience as a representative of a cocoa factory in the Zaanstreek, Jacob Ruyter visited West Frisian villages to see if he could interest retailers for his products. The travels also took him through the cabbage fields of Broek op Langedijk. It is striking that 100 years later there are still people who can remember a phrase that refers to this period: “In the land of cabbage, one smokes tobacco from Pool” Possibly Jacob Ruyter had a good nose for marketing because the slogan Pool’s tobacco, there is no betteralso sounds pretty nice. Anyway, the tactic of travelling sales worked well, so in 1901 the company could begin to expand. In that year not only the property at the Groote Noord was renovated, but also the building behind it, Achterom 60. In 1918 an electric motor was purchased so the (then) cheap and convenient energy source electricity could be used.

Pointy tobacco bag

Pointy tobacco bag

From a regional based business the company slowly grew with outlets in several towns and villages in the country. Besides the increase of the market the entry of some of Jacob Ruyter’s sons to the company was an important reason for the growth potential. Business was good and when in 1919 the building of Achterom 54 became available for sale it was purchased. From then Achterom 60, which until then was used for the complete processing of the tobacco, was only used for the cutting. The packing department went into the new property. The separated cutting and packing departments meant in practice that tobacco after the cutting had to be transported by road to the new premises to be weighed there and packed. Initially the tobacco boxes were brought by foot to the new building, later a cart was used. After weighing the tobacco was packaged in pointy paper bags or larger white packages with red lettering. However, weighing the tobacco for the pointy brown paper bags and filling them always remained handwork.

Nico Ruyter

Nico Ruyter

The growth of the business made it necessary to store the tobacco stocks without using a nearby warehousing company. To achieve that a cheese store on the Nieuwendam was bought in 1923. After a major renovation the building was brought into use as a tobacco warehouse. From that moment thousands of tobacco bales came from Kentucky, Virginia, Java, Sumatra and Cuba and were stored at the warehouse. The crisis years beginning in 1929 did not seem to pose an obstacle for Pool to grow. On 20 March 1931 the company was converted into a N.V. and a management change was simultaneously implemented. The already old Jacob Ruyter became a supervisory director while sons Peter and Nico together formed the management. The company continued to grow and halfway the 1930’s the biggest renovation in the history of Pool was done.

Pool warehouse

Pool warehouse

With this major renovation, starting in 1935, the two buildings Achterom 48 and 50 were added to the company. Along with the other premises a contiguous set of four buildings arose at the Achterom together with a striking new air-bridge. The company, which was previously divided into two parts, was made one now. So the the troubles of transporting the semi-finished products from one building to another was not longer necessary. This was not only a huge time saver, but also the special permit to transport non-taxed tobacco across the streets was not longer needed. Also the tobacco stayed in the constant temperature of the factory. Mid-March 1941 a permit was requested and granted to convert the shop into office space. The store, a remainder of the business as it was founded in 1849, has been made redundant by the development of the company. The year 1941 was in other ways a turbulent year for the company. Nico Ruyter died and from that moment Peter Ruyter became the sole director and responsible for the continued management of the firm.

Cigarettes made from amateur tobacco

Cigarettes made from amateur tobacco

Unfortunately WWII meant a difficult period for the company and many other businesses and industries. The supply of foreign tobacco stopped and to fairly share the limited tobacco stocks ration stamps were introduced in 1942. To be able to still produce and survive the Dutch tobacco industry started with processing home-grown tobacco. Traditionally in Amerongen and the surrounding region tobacco was cultivated (see my “Dutch tobacco cultivation (no, not weed…)” blogpost) and also Pool was for a part dependent on the production from this area. Additionally home-grown tobacco was used, which was mostly grown by amateurs on small plots of land. After WWII it took some years for the domestic production and imports of foreign goods to come back to an acceptable level. Only after 1949 the import of foreign cigarettes and tobacco was fully up and running.

Pool's shag

Pool’s shag

1 March 1949 was the official 100th anniversary of Pool firm. However, the supply of foreign tobacco still had not fully begun. Despite these remnants of the war the developments inside and outside the company went on as usual. After the war it soon became clear that there was a shift in sales in favour of the cigarette and rolling tobacco (shag). To produce shag a new cutting-machine was purchased. Shag requires a fine-cut and the old machines Pool had were designed for the production of pipe tobacco with its broader cut. To further increase production a new packaging machine was bought  In the field of the daily management change was also necessary. The succession in the line of the Ruyter family was ensured by the appointment of Jacob Ruyter jr., son of Piet Ruyter, as director.

Factory at the Achterom

Factory at the Achterom

For Pool a transition to the production of cigarettes on the Achterom location was impossible. Cigarette machines and the related packaging lines were expensive and large. Besides, the buildings were too small to store all the equipment. Expansion in the down-town area was not possible and a relocation of the company so soon after the war was not only too expensive but also very risky. Before the war it was still possible to exist of the sales of mainly pipe tobacco. After the war they tried a switch to the production of shag tobacco. But the competition was fierce and also there had to be searched for new, larger sales opportunities.

Upper Ten tin

Upper Ten tin

And new opportunities were found in the early 1950’s. There was a possibility to start a partnership with a representative of tobacco products who was also the owner of the Upper Ten brand. Until then the Upper Ten brand was only a registered trademark without product. But with the new cooperation Pool became the producer of the new brand. The existing contacts were used by the representative to introduce the Upper Ten products in the Netherlands. With Upper Ten Pool returned to the production of pipe tobacco. In the end the brand sold well and was available throughout the Netherlands. Upper Ten was packaged in laminated packaging and the pouches we know. Later the tobacco was even packed in luxury vacuum-drawn cans and tins. Because of the representation and marketing of Upper Ten in the Netherlands, the tobacco factory became the producer of just one item and there was no longer need for an office in an expensive location as the Grote Noord. So in 1964 the office and underlying housing were sold. The Pool administration moved in its entirety to Nieuwsteeg 5, a location which already had been used as office space for the firm.

The competition

The competition

Many companies suffered from the fierce competition from the increasing mass production. Large and strong companies like Niemeyer and Van Nelle determine the prices of cocoa, coffee, tea and tobacco through their control of the import markets. From the 1960’s growing bigger was one of the few ways to keep the heads above water for many companies. Also a lot of them believed they could save their businesses by letting themselves being bought up by or merge with a larger parent company. Many of the smaller tobacco businesses simply vanished into thin air. The Pool company was able to maintain itself as a medium-sized tobacco manufacturer by producing and selling Upper Ten tobacco throughout the Netherlands.

charmingIn 1978 there was a big problem when the brand owner and national representative of Upper Ten withdrew from the firm. A solution was found by buying the trademark rights of the Upper Ten brand and to enter into a partnership with an importer of pipes and smoking supplies. This company, Vasteman, was an importer of quality pipes with its own exclusive retail outlets in the Netherlands. A production hall was purchased besides the business of Vasteman and from there the production of Pool’s product Upper Ten was started up again. Unfortunately this latest rescue attempt failed. The collaboration with the pipes and smoking accessories business did not go as expected. Commitments were not met and therefore the curtain fell for the company on 1 July 1980. Despite this the registration of the name “B.V. Tabaksfabriek de Pool” was still maintained for some years in the trade register (for a short time it was a tobacco mail order company) until it was finally removed on 15 October 1988. The name “Pool”, attached to the tobacco industry in Hoorn, existed for about 140 years. Pool’s tobacco, there was no better. However, the Upper Ten brand lived on for some years. But more about that and about the Upper Ten products in a later blogpost.

I want to thank the Vereniging Oud Hoorn and Tabakshistorie.nl for the info and pictures.

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I quit smoking…

Stop-Smoking…cigarettes years ago. To be precise I stopped in January 2006. In my “Humble Beginnings part 2” post I told how I started the addiction. Yes, I really believe smoking cigarettes is an addiction. I tried for years not to give in, told myself that I could quit at any time. But when I almost panicked one evening, when I realised I had very little shag (rolling tobacco) left and the stores were already closed for that day and the next, I knew lady nicotine had me fully in her grasp..

nicotSo what is nicotine exactly? Nicotine is the natural protection of the tobacco plant from being eaten by insects. Yes, insecticides were made from it. It is a very, very strong toxin. It is more lethal than strychnine or rattlesnake venom and three times deadlier than arsenic! Yet amazingly, pure by chance, this natural insecticide’s chemical signature is very similar to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylwhat?? Please look it up on wikipedia as my chemical knowledge is almost non-existent.. But once nicotine is inside the brain it fits a host of chemical “locks”. Thus permitting it direct and indirect control over the flow of more than 200 neuro-chemicals, most importantly dopamine.

dopamine-300x311Ok… And what the hell is dopamine? It is the brain’s primary motivation neurotransmitter (a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse). The dopamine pathways of the brain serve as a built-in teacher. It uses a desire, yearning or wanting sensation to get our attention when it wants to pound home a survival lesson necessary to keep us humans alive and thriving. Ever wondered why it is so hard to go without eating? To actually starve yourself to death or to die of thirst? Why do we seek acceptance from other people, want companionship and desire a mate or sexual relations? Why do we feel anxiety when bored and an “aaahh” sense of relief when we complete a task? Remember that “aaahh” sensation? That was dopamine, the satisfaction of your wanting, craving to succeed. The deep inner primitive brain is hard-wired via dopamine pathways, to keep us drinking liquids, fed, together (there’s safety in numbers), while achieving and reproducing.

FoodBrainHungerSatisfactionBut there our brain does not stop. It makes sure that we don’t forget those activities so that in the future we pay close attention to them. The brain records how “wanting” was satisfied in the most durable, high-definition memory the mind may be capable of generating. It does so by hard-wiring dopamine pathway neuro-transmissions into our brains conscious memory banks.

400415-5227-10This is what nicotine does: Once introduced into the bloodstream, it is small enough to pass through the protective blood/brain barrier. And then once inside the brain it is somehow able to activate and turn on our mind’s dopamine pathway circuitry. Thus hijacking the mind’s priorities teacher. So with continuing chemical use (read: smoking) this results in the person becoming totally yet falsely convinced, that using more nicotine is as important as eating food. Very simplified it comes to this: Hunger for food, hunger for nicotine. Food craves, nicotine craves. “Aaahh” wanting satisfaction while taking bites, “aaahh” wanting satisfaction while re-filling nicotine reserves. Welcome to the addicts world of nicotine..

willpowerheaderAll does not explain why users initially continue using nicotine, prior to a growing pile of dopamine pathway high-definition use memories begging them to use more. Nor does it explain why most regular nicotine users get hooked but not all. Every person is different, it is a question of genetics and of willpower. Because how strong our brains tells us to do something, we can still choose to ignore it. How difficult that may be..

iStock_000015887056XSmall[1]And difficult it was in my case.. Like I said in my “Humble Beginnings part 2” post I grew tired long ago of the nicotine addiction. When I went away from house I checked my pockets for my wallet, shag and lighter. If one of those elements were missing I head back, no matter where I was. If I knew I was going somewhere where smoking was not allowed I tried to smoke as much as possible in advance. If I thought there was even a slight possibility of running out of shag I brought a spare pouch along.  When I had a cold I did not smoke through the worst part but as soon as I got even a tiny bit better I lit up a cigarette. In that time I still lived with my parents who “luckily” allowed indoor smoking despite my father being a hart-patient! I smoked in the living-room, in my hobby-room and sometimes even in my bedroom. Ab-so-lu-tely nuts when I think of it now..

1993-509|1993-509/1|10411689I also did not like the damage I was doing to my body. I practised fitness quite a lot in those days so my physical condition was pretty good. Despite that I gradually developed an annoying smokers-cough. I also sang a lot and when each year of smoking passed by I noticed that my vocal range got worse and my voice got tired sooner. One time when my mother wanted to air my pillow she saw a big brown stain on it. Apparently I was drooling in my sleep and my saliva was polluted with tar..

Lately I watched a video from the History Channel about tobacco. I saw how cigarettes were made, please watch the fragment below:

I was flabbergasted when I saw what exactly was inside a cigarette.. So much junk! And then to think you inhale that smoke deep into your lungs.. I am not saying that smoking pipe is good, smoking is bad, but it is a lot better than smoking cigarettes! Actually I already knew there was garbage in a cigarette. Last year when I visited the DTM factory in Lauenburg, Germany I talked with masterblender Andreas Mund. He smoked rolling tobacco he made himself, he actually gave me a big bag (which I gave away to friends who still smoked cigarettes). “Here”, he said, “much better than cigarettes made elsewhere. There’s real crap in those, this rolling tobacco just exists of pure Virginias, nothing else!” I was curious so I rolled a cigarette and lit it, of course I did not inhale. Yuk, gross!! I only tasted the rolling tobacco paper and barely anything else. I could not imagine I smoked that for years and years. From those still smoking friends I heard the DTM rolling tobacco was a bit harsh but very smokeable.

cutting1A big reason beside the other ones for me to stop smoking cigarettes was my first girlfriend. I always have been a late-bloomer. And she was absolutely disgusted with my habit. “Yuk, it’s just like licking out an ashtray!” she used to shout at me when we kissed. I can’t say I blame her, she was right of course. Just after New Year 2006 I decided to get rid of the addiction. But I felt I needed something more, something that could serve as a threat. As it happened to be my ex also had a nasty habit which I hated, she used to cut herself. So we made a deal, I said to her “If you stop cutting yourself I stop smoking. When one of us has a relapse the other must smoke or cut in front of the other..” A kind of sinister pact but we both agreed. Needless to say I smoked my last cigarette in the car on my way to the office the next morning and never relapsed. I had stopped cold turkey.

smokingThis is not going to help someone who wants to quit smoking, but my first week of stopping was pure hell.. At work I made an announced to my colleagues that I no longer smoked and brought lots of candies with me to “survive” the days. You see, quitting does not make you fat, it is all the stuff you eat afterwards! Also your taste buds are becoming better again so food just tastes better and you eat more of it. Anyway, those first days my mind and body just were on survival mode. Do not smoke.. Do not smoke.. I’ll have a candy.. Aahhh…. Do not smoke.. Do not smoke.. I never had so much trouble to not do something. At the end of the first week I almost relapsed when I cycled past the shop where I always bought shag. Only the thought of my ex cutting herself in front of me held me back. After the first week the worst was over. The nicotine was out of my body and the cravings coming out of my mind were getting lesser. I won the fight…

536275_3503874926667_1448439497_n…Until I lit up my first pipe years later. What a dumb-ass a lot of people will think, he quits and starts again! Yes, but not with cigarettes, with pipe-smoking. With cigarettes you inhale the smoke, so the intake of nicotine is much higher than with pipe-smoking where you let the smoke come in your mouth and no further. Well ok, nicotine is still being absorbed by the oral membranes but its effect is less, it is more controllable. So the big difference is that now I choose when I like to smoke. The cravings are gone. No time? Don’t smoke. In a place where you are not allowed to smoke? Don’t smoke. Just not really feel like smoking? Don’t smoke. As simple as that. When I now smoke I get real pleasure out of it most times. Of course the tobacco can not be so good, I can be (without knowing) at the beginning of a cold etc. etc. Point is, I now smoke because I like to, not because I have to.

cold-turkeyI don’t want to say that you cigarette smokers must stop smoking. Your life, your body, your choice. I only want to say that for me smoking pipe works and that I am glad to be rid of cigarettes. If you decide to stop, stop cold turkey. All those stop-smoking-aids one can get are just an extension of your “suffering”, of your craving for nicotine. You only put money in the pocket of the companies who make those “aids”. And they prefer you not to stop smoking because then they can make money out of you again with your next attempt. Think about it and good luck!

Humble Beginnings part 2.

In part 1 of this blog I described my influences, the people that lead to me picking up a smoking pipe a couple of years ago.
But my connection with tobacco began earlier, much earlier.

Drum shag pouch.

Drum shag pouch.

When I was born my father smoked cigarettes. Shag to be precize, Drum shag. And I hated it.. I got sick when I smelled the smoke.. However, when I put my nose in the pouch I was delighted! I loved the odour of the dark Kentucky and bright Virginia.
Sadly around his 50th birthday my father got a heart attack and was forced to quit smoking. But he kept his last Drum pouch and occasionally sniffed the aroma of the contents.

Around my 14th year I got an interest in smoking. I was in love with a girl that played in the orchestra I also was playing in and she smoked. So when she offered me a cigarette I couldn’t resist it. I wanted to impress her but did not inhale the smoke. Not yet.. Unfortunately she fell in love with another member of the orchestra but my interest in smoking was aroused.

At that time I did not dare buying tobacco myself. But my father still had his last Drum pouch. So one time when my parents were away I managed to roll a cigarette (not easy for a beginner!) and smoked it. Also not over my lungs. What I did not knew at the time was that nicotine is also absorbed by the mucous membranes in the mouth. The result was that I got very sick. The world seem to spin around me and I hurled the contents of my stomach into the toilet. I solemnly vowed to never ever smoke again. Of course two weeks later when my parents were away once more I smoked again.

During the next years I started smoking more and more. First I managed to keep it hidden from my parents but soon got busted because my mother smelled the tobacco in my bedroom. They were far from happy but did not forbid it. After a while I began with smoking over my lungs and from year to year my cigarette consumption increased.

Rolling tobacco.

Rolling tobacco.

I liked smoking shag. Never ready rolled cigarettes. I liked the ritual of putting fresh tobacco in the rolling paper, roll it and then smoke it. I liked the pure taste of it, I never smoked with a filter. Brands that I smoked a lot in those years were Drum, Samson, Jakobs and my Sunday smoke was Javaanse Jongens. But what I not liked was that a cigarette only lasted for a short time. 5 minutes and then it was gone. I always wished for a never ending cigarette.

My shag smoking habit continued for several years until I was 29. At that time I had a girlfriend who hated smoking. I was madly in love and already grew tired long ago of the nicotine addiction and the damage I did to my body. So I quit from one moment to another. Not easy, but I did it.

For years I lived a smoke-free life until I started smoking again. No cigarettes this time, but pipe. Continued in part 3.